Different types of camera shot

Extreme long shot:
A shot from a far distance, a fairly large crowd of people or building would fit into this shot.

Long shot:
A full figure of a person would fit into this shot and there still be small space extra.

Medium long shot:
A person from the knees up would fill most of the screen.

Medium shot:
A person shown from the waist upwards would be seen in the shot.

Medium close up:
This would show the person from just below the chest to just above the head.

Close up:
A close up shot usually shows just the face and shoulders or often just the face.

Extreme close up:
These are generally used to show a specific body part as the whole of the face or body can not fully fit in. It could also be used to show an item of significant importance.